Balancing NAD+ deficits with nicotinamide riboside: therapeutic possibilities and limitations.
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
confidence
Key findings
Review of NAD+ biology, causes of NAD+ deficits, and NR's journey from discovery to clinical development; no clinical/biological endpoints reported.
View source on PubMed (PMID 35918544) ↗
- Sample size
- N/A
- Population
- Review of NAD+ biology and NR supplementation (no clinical study population)
- Dosing
- N/A
- Duration
- N/A
- Route
- N/A
- Blinding
- not_reported
- Controls
- not_reported
- Drug class
- coenzyme
Full abstract
Alterations in cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels have been observed in multiple lifestyle and age-related medical conditions. This has led to the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with NAD+ precursors, or vitamin B3s, could exert health benefits. Among the different molecules that can act as NAD+ precursors, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) has gained most attention due to its success in alleviating and treating disease conditions at the pre-clinical level. However, the clinical outcomes for NR supplementation strategies have not yet met the expectations generated in mouse models. In this review we aim to provide a comprehensive view on NAD+ biology, what causes NAD+ deficits and the journey of NR from its discovery to its clinical development. We also discuss what are the current limitations in NR-based therapies and potential ways to overcome them. Overall, this review will not only provide tools to understand NAD+ biology and assess its changes in disease situations, but also to decide which NAD+ precursor could have the best therapeutic potential.