Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing-Anatomical and Biomechanical Consideration.
Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association
confidence
Key findings
Review article on anatomical and biomechanical considerations of deep diaphragmatic breathing; no clinical or biological endpoints reported.
View source on PubMed (PMID 36734111) ↗
- Sample size
- Not applicable (review article)
- Population
- Patients with multimorbidity (review of anatomical/biomechanical literature)
- Dosing
- Not applicable
- Duration
- Not applicable
- Route
- Not applicable
- Blinding
- not_reported
- Controls
- not_reported
- Drug class
- mind-body modality
Full abstract
Background: Deep diaphragmatic breathing (DDB) involves slow and fully contraction of the diaphragm with expansion of the belly during inhalation, and slow and fully contraction of the abdominal muscles with reduction of the belly during exhalation. It is the key component of the holistic mind-body exercises commonly used for patients with multimorbidity. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to re-visit and address the fundamental anatomical and biomechanical consideration of the DDB with the relevant literature. Method: Peer-reviewed publications from last the 15 years were retrieved, reviewed, and analyzed. Findings: In this article, we described the updated morphological and anatomical characteristics of the diaphragm. Then, we elucidated in a biomechanical approach how and why the DDB can work on the gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, and nervous systems as well as on regulating the intra-abdominopelvic pressure and mind-body interaction to coordinate the diaphragm-pelvic floor-abdominal complex for a variety of physical and physiological activities. Conclusion: Understanding of this updated DDB knowledge may help holistic healthcare professionals including holistic nurses provide better patient education and care management during the DDB or DDB-based mind-body intervention time.